AppleScript

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Basic

  • 运行：osascript foo.scpt

  • 注释：

    • 行注释，可用在行尾：-- or #
    • 块注释：(* *)

  • 数据类型：number，string，list，record (字典)

    • 设置list

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      set L to {1,2,3,"ss"}
      set item 3 of L to "xx"

    • 转换：set n2s to "123" as number

  • Keywords

    • me refers to the current script
      • my is synonym for of me
    • it refers to the current target (A tell statement specifies a default target)
      • its is synonym for of it

流程控制

  • 条件语句

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    if a=0 then
        xxx
    else if a=1 then
        xxx
    else
        xxx
    end if

  • 循环语句

    • times

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      repeat 10 times
          xxx
      end repeat

    • from .. to ..

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      repeat with n from 0 to 10 by 1
          xxx
      end repeat

    • until

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      repeat until n > 10
          xxx
          set n to n +3
      end repeat

  • try

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    try
        -- Do something
    on error
        -- other thing
    end try

Function/Handler

  • on or to

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    on foo()
        display dialog "Error!"
        return "xx"
    end foo
        
    foo()
    set R to foo()

  • 带参数

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    to foo(theErrorMessage, theButtons)
        display dialog the theErrorMessage buttons theButtons
    end displayError
        
    foo("xxx",{"ok","cancel"})

  • 交叉参数

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    on foo:E withButtons:B
        display dialog E buttons B
    end foo:withButtons:

交互

  • 发声

    • say "hello world" using "Victoria"
    • beep 2

  • dialog 弹窗：

    • display dialog "xxx"

    • 获取输入

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      display dialog "xxx" default answer ""
      set a to text returned of result

    • 获取点击项

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      set message to "Hello world!"
      set DWindows to display dialog message buttons {"OK", "Cancel"}
      set selectedResult to button returned of DWindows
      Say selectedResult

  • notification

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    display notification "..." with title "xxx" subtitle "hhh"

  • 列表选择

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    choose from list {"aa","bb","cc"} with title "Names" ¬
        with prompt "请选择：" default items {"bb"} ¬
        with empty selection allowed and multiple selections allowed

  • 文件/夹选择

    • choose file of type("txt") with prompt "请选择"
    • choose folder

模拟行为

  • 唤起应用至frontmost：tell application "Chrome" to activate

  • 延时/s：delay 2

  • 模型点击：click

    • 位置

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      tell application "System Events"
          click at {123,456}
      end tell

    • 元素

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      tell application "System Events"
          tell menu bar 1 of process "Chrome"
          	click menu item "新标签页" of menu "文件" of menu bar item "文件"
          end tell
      end tell

  • 键盘输入

    • key code 48 using command down：⌘Tab

    • keystroke "hello"

  • 剪贴板：clipboard

    • set c to get the clipboard
    • set the clipboard to "xxx"

Advanced

AppleScript中执行Shell指令

  • Basic

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    do shell script "date +'%T'"

  • ==传递变量==

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    set foo to "test"
    do shell script "echo " & foo

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    do shell script "echo " & quoted form of foo

Shell 中执行 AppleScript

  1. 两种方法

    1. osascript -e "echo \"Hello\"

    2. 命令语句较多时

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      osascript <<EOF
          say "Hello"
          say "World"
      EOF

  2. 传递shell中的变量

    1. osascript -e "echo \"$foo\" "

    2. 命令语句较多时

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      osascript <<EOF
      set a to "Hello"
      set b to "$foo"		# 传递shell中的变量
      EOF

  3. Shell 获取 Applescript 结果

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    finder=$(osascript -e "set dir to POSIX path of (choose folder)")

Others

Tips

  • AppleScript's Dictionary: Press ⌘⇧O to open AppleScript dictionary of this app.

  • Watch Me Do（"我做给您看"）

    • 点击AutoMator的录制按钮（红色小圆点）
    • 实际演示一遍想要完成的操作后，结束录制

  • 将自动生成的动作序列拖到下方空白处，可以看到转成的AppleScript细节（uiScript）

  • Accessibility Inspector

    • Check the UI element tree, properties, attribute ...

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      return attribute of textArea
      return the value of attribute "AXValue" of xxx
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      get properties of front window
      # {.., name:"foo", description: "xxx", ...}
      get name of front window
      # "foo"

  • 语句过长时，可以使用符号 ¬ 断开

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    tell process "xxxxx" to set A to a reference ¬
        to (first window whose name of attributes contains ".txt")

  • 使用语句log variable进行设置断点进行debug

应用

  • toggle dock's preferences of "autohide"

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    tell application "System Events"
        tell dock preferences
            if autohide is true then
                set properties to {autohide:false}
            else
                set properties to {autohide:true}
            end if
        end tell
    end tell

Exaples

Documentation

  • AppleScript Language Guide

  • Mac Automation Scripting Guide

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